Ecological communities are shaped by a complex array of direct and indirect interactions. These interactions are spatially and temporally dynamic and can be challenging to disentangle ...

For many years ecologists have sought to understand the roles and importance of direct and indirect effects in communities. Direct effects, as the name implies, deal with the direct impact of one ...

U.S. President Donald Trump, in announcing the negotiations on Monday, described them as direct talks. Years of indirect talks under the Biden administration failed to reach any success ...