These crystals are made of oxalate or phosphate combined with calcium. Having too much oxalate or phosphate, or too little urine, can cause these substances to crystallize and clump together into ...

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For phase analysis, the HighScorePlus software (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) was used in combination with the crystal open database ... a composite coating composed of amorphous carbonate-substituted ...

For instance, with the amorphous polymer N-isopropylacrylamide (a-pNiPAM), the ... addition of substances embodying the physiological indicators of humans, such as urine, sweat, and blood, which are ...