A new study modeled the chemistry of TOI-270 d, an exoplanet between Earth and Neptune in size, finding evidence that it could be a giant rocky planet shrouded in a thick, hot atmosphere. TOI-270 d is ...

Despite its extremely cold atmosphere, the interior of Neptune is far hotter than that of its ice giant twin, Uranus. In fact, Neptune gives out 2.6 times more heat than it receives from the Sun. The ...

Recent studies show that the most common type of planets in our galaxy, those between the sizes of Earth and Neptune, typically form with a hydrogen atmosphere, resulting in conditions where hydrogen ...

"If water and hydrogen are indeed substantially mixed throughout a planet's interior, the structure and thermal evolution of Earth- and Neptune-like exoplanets can be substantially different from ...